| • Forming shop | |
| Stamping process | emulsion oil mist (particle size distribution 0.1–5 μm, concentration 50–150 mg/m³) |
| Die casting process | release agent dust (including PAHs 8–15 μg/m³), aluminum alloy melting waste gas (fluoride 30–50 ppm) |
| • Welding workshop | |
| Resistance welding smoke | metal oxide (Fe₂O₃ 60–80%), PM₂.₅ accounted for more than 90% |
| Laser welding exhaust gas | nanoscale metal aerosol (particle size <100 nm, flux 2–5 g/h) |
| • Painting shop | |
| Spray paint exhaust gas | benzene series (200–800 mg/m³), esters, ketones |
| Drying exhaust gas | concentration range 1,000–2,000 mg/m³ |
| • Battery workshop | |
| Electrolyte perfusion | DMC/EC mixed solvent volatilization (boiling point difference of 50 °C, concentration fluctuation of 200–1,500 mg/m³) |
| Battery package | polyurethane adhesive curing release isocyanate (TDI concentration 5–15 ppm) |
| • Final assembly workshop | |
| Interior bonding | Neoprene gel volatile dichloromethane (concentration 80–200 mg/m³) |
| Refrigerant infusion | HFC-134a escape rate 0.3–0.8% |
